§The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
§Origins
§Agricultural revolution
§Capital for investment
§Mineral resources
§Government favorable to business
§Markets
§Technological Changes and New Forms of Industrial Organization
§Cotton Industry
§Water frame, Crompton’s mule
§Edmund Cartwright’s power looms, 1787
§The Steam engine
§Coal
§James Watt (1736-1819)
§The Iron Industry
§Puddling, using coke to burn away impurities
§A Revolution in Transportation: Railroad
§Richard Trevithick’s locomotive
§George Stephenson’s Rocket
§The Industrial Factory
§Factory laborers
§Time-work discipline
§The Great Exhibition: Britain in 1851
§Crystal Palace
§Covered 19 acres, 100,000 exhibits
§Great Exhibition
§Displayed Britain’s wealth
§Prince Albert
§The Spread of Industrialization
§Continental countries lagged behind
§Guild restrictions
§War and upheavals
§Borrowing Techniques and Practices
§John Cockerill
§ Fritz Harkort
§Role of Government
§Friedrich List
§National System of Political Economy
§Joint-stock investment banks
§Centers of Continental Industrialization
§Cotton manufacturing
§Belgium
§France
§Germany
§Impact of the steam engine
§Iron and coal for heavy industry in Germany and France
§Industrial Revolution in the United States
§Borrowing from Britain
§Samuel Slater
§Harpers Ferry arsenal
§Transportation network
§Roads and canal
§Railroad
§Labor
§Women 80% of labor in the textile factories
§Capital-intensive pattern
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§Limiting the Spread of Industrialization
§Deliberate policy to prevent growth of mechanized industry
§Eastern Europe remained largely rural and agricultural
§India spinners and handloom weavers were put out of work
§The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
§Population Growth
§Decline of the death rate
§The Great Hunger
§Irish population growth
§Reliance on the potato
§Potato crop fails, 1845-1851
§Emigration
§Urban Living Conditions in the Early Industrial Revolution
§Sanitary conditions
§Suburbs
§Row houses
§Adulteration of food
§Moral consequences of urban life
§Urban Living Conditions & Reforms
§Urban Reformers
§Edwin Chadwick (1800-1890)
§Use of drainage
§Piped water
§New Social Classes: The Industrial Middle Class
§Out of mercantile trades
§Out of dissenting religious minorities
§New business aristocracy
§New Social Classes: Workers in the Industrial Age
§Laborers and servants
§Working Conditions for the Industrial Working Class
§Working Conditions
§Cotton mills
§Coal mines
§Child labor
§Pauper apprentices
§Women
§Factory Acts
§Factory Act of 1833
§Women and children
§Standards of Living
§Fluctuations of wages and prices
§Consumption
§Periodic overproduction and unemployment
§Efforts at Change
§Efforts at Change: The Workers
§Robert Owen (1771-1858), Utopian Socialism
§Trade unionism
§Luddites
§The People’s Charter
§Efforts at Change: Reformers and Government
§Factory acts, 1802-1819
§Factory Act of 1833
§Coal Mines Act, 1842
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