Monday, October 17, 2011

1031 ch 8

CHAPTER 8
The Age of Jefferson
Jefferson and Jeffersonianism
Jefferson’s “Revolution”
Jefferson and the Judiciary
The Louisiana Purchase
The Election of 1804
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Louisiana Purchase
and the Exploration of the West
The Gathering Storm
Challenges on the Home Front
The Suppression of American Trade and Impressment
The Embargo Act of 1807
James Madison and the Failure of Peaceable Coercion
Tecumseh and the Prophet
Congress Votes for War
Major Battles of
the War of 1812
The War of 1812
On to Canada
The British Offensive
The Treaty of Ghent, 1814
The Hartford Convention
The Awakening of
American Nationalism
Madison’s Nationalism and the Era of Good Feelings, 1817–1824
John Marshall and the Supreme Court
The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821
Foreign Policy Under Monroe
The Monroe Doctrine, 1823
The Missouri
Compromise, 1820–1821
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1031 ch 7

CHAPTER 7
Constitutional Government
Takes Shape, 1788–1796
Implementing Government
The Federal Judiciary and the Bill of Rights
Hamilton’s Domestic Policies, 1789–1994
Hamilton and His Objectives
Establishing the Nation’s Credit
Creating a National Bank
Emerging Partisanship
The Whiskey Rebellion
The United States in a Wider
 World, 1789–1796
Spanish Power in Western North America
Spanish Settlements
in Alta California, 1784
Disputed Territorial Claims, Spain and the United States, 1783–1796
Challenging American
Expansion, 1789–1792
France and Factional Politics, 1793
Diplomacy and War, 1793–1796
Parties and Politics, 1793–1800
Ideological Confrontation, 1793–1794
The Republican Party, 1794–1796
The Election of 1796
The French Crisis, 1798–1799
The Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798
The Election of 1800
Economic and Social Change
Producing for Markets
White Women in the Republic
Land and Culture: Native Americans
Indian Land
Cessions, 1768–1799
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1031 ch 6

CHAPTER 6
SECURING INDEPENDENCE, DEFINING NATIONHOOD,
1776–1788
The Prospects of War
Loyalists and Other British Sympathizers
The Opposing Sides
War and Peace, 1776–1783
Shifting Fortunes in the North, 1776–1778
The War in the North, 1775–1778
The War in the West, 1776 –1782
Victory in the South
The War in the South, 1778–1781
Peace at Last,
1782–1783
The Revolution and Social Change
Egalitarianism Among White Males
White Women in Wartime
A Revolution for Black Americans
Native Americans and the Revolution
From Colonies to States
Formalizing a Confederation, 1776–1781
Finance,Trade, and the Economy, 1781–1786
The Confederation and the West, 1785–1787
State Claims to Western Lands, and
State Cessions to the Federal Government, 1782–1802
The Northwest Territory, 1785–1787
Toward a New Constitution, 1786–1788
Shays’s Rebellion, 1786–1787
The Philadelphia Convention, 1787
The Struggle over Ratification, 1787–1788
Federalist and Anti-federalist Strongholds, 1787–1790
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ch 23 1014

Growth of Industrial Prosperity: New Products & New Markets
New Patterns in an Industrial Economy
Women and Work: New Job Opportunities
Organizing the Working Class
Socialist Parties
German Social Democratic Party (SPD)
Effects of the growth of socialist partied
Second International
Two divisive issues:
Nationalism and revisionism
Parties varied from country from country
Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932)
Evolutionary Socialism
Formation of labor unions
Emergence of a Mass Society
Transformation of the Urban Environment
The Social Structure of the Mass Society
The “Woman Question”: The Role of Women
Education in the Mass Society
Mass Leisure
Amusement parks
Music and dance halls
Thomas Cook (1808-1892)
Pioneer of mass tourism
Sports
Became organized with rules
Professional sports
Western Europe: The Growth of Political Democracy
The Growth of Political Democracy
Spain
King Alfonso XII
Liberals and Conservatives
Spanish-American War
Barcelona 1909
Italy
Had pretensions of great power status
Sectional differences in Italy
Chronic turmoil beyond the government’s control
Central & Eastern Europe: Persistence of the Old Order
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ch 22 1014

§The France of Napoleon III: Louis Napoleon & the 2nd Napoleonic Empire
§
§Foreign policy: Crimean War
§National Unification:  Italy

§The Unification of Germany

§Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)
§
§The Austrian Empire: Toward a Dual Monarchy
§Ausgleich, Compromise, 1867
§Creates a dual monarchy
§German and Magyars dominate minorities
§Francis Joseph Emperor of Austria/King of Hungary
§Some things in held in common
§Other minorities
§
§Imperial Russia
§
§Great Britain: The Victorian Age
§Did not experience revolts in 1848
§Reforms
§Economic Growth
§Queen Victoria (1837 – 1901) reflected the age
§Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881)
§Extension of voting rights
§Reform Act, 1867
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§
§
§The United States: Slavery and War
§
§
§Marx and Marxism
§Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895), The Communist Manifesto, 1848
§History is the history of class struggle
§Stages of history
§In the end would be a classless society
§After 1848 revolutions, Marx went to London
§Marx, Das Kapital
§International Working Men’s Association, 1864
§Internal problems
§
§
§A New Age of Science
§Development of the steam engine led to science of relationship between heat and mechanical energy
§Growth of scientific interest
§Louis Pasteur – germ theory of disease
§Dmitri Mendeleyev – atomic weights
§Michael Faraday – generator
§Growth in belief in science has affect on religious belief
§Charles Darwin and the Theory of Organic Evolution
§
§A Revolution in Health Care
§Louis Pasteur
§Pasteurization
§Joseph Lister
§Hospital gangrene
§New Public Health Measures
§American Medical Association
§Women and Medical Schools
§Elizabeth Blackwell
§Female Medical College of Pennsylvania
§Realism in Literature and Art
§The Realistic Novel
§Rejected Romanticism
§Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880), Madame Bovary, 1857
§William Thackeray (1811-1863), Vanity Fair, 1848
§Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
§Realism in Art
§Gustave Courbet (1819-1877)
§Portrayal of everyday life
§Jean-Francois Millet (1814-1875)
§Scenes from rural life
§Twilight of Romanticism
§Franz Liszt
§Richard Wagner
§The Ring of the Nibelung
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§
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ch 21 hst 1014

The Conservative Order
The Concert of Europe
Congress of Vienna
Prince Klemens von Metternich
New balance of power
Germanic Confederation
Napoleon’s escape from Elba
Conservative Domination:
Ideology of Conservatism
From Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution of France
Obedience to political authority
Organized religion was crucial to social order
Hated revolutionary upheavals
Unwilling to accept liberal demands or representative government
Principle of Intervention
Quadruple Alliance
Allied intervention in Spain and Italy
Latin American, Greek Revolts
Revolt in Latin America
Bourbon monarchy of Spain toppled
Latin American countries begin declaring independence
Simón Bolivar (1783-1830)
José de San Martín (1778-1850)
Britain began to dominate Latin American economy
The Greek Revolt,  1821-1832
Intervention could support revolution as well
Greek revolt in, 1820
Britain, France, Russia at war
Treaty of Adrianople, 1829
Conservative Domination:
The European States
Great Britain: Rule of the Tories
Landowning classes dominate Parliament
Tory and Whig factions; Tories dominate
Restoration of France
Intervention in the Italian States and Spain
Central Europe, the German Confederation
Austrian Empire
Russia
Rural, agricultural, and autocratic
Alexander I (1801-1825)
Nicholas I (1825-1855)
Ideologies of Change
Liberalism
Economic liberalism (classical economics)
Laissez-faire
Political liberalism
Ideology of political liberalism
David Ricardo (1772-1823),
John Stuart Mill, On Liberty
Supported Women’s rights
On the Subjection of Women
Nationalism
Part of a community with common institutions, traditions, language, and customs
The community is called a “nation”
Nationalist ideology
Allied with liberalism
Ideologies of Change (cont.)
Early Socialism
Early socialism (utopian societies)
Robert Owen (1771-1858)
New Lanark, Scotland
New Harmony, Indiana
Frances Wright, Nashoba, Tennessee
Louis Blanc
Flora Tristan
Revolution and Reform, 1830-1850
The Revolutions of 1830
Charles X (1824-1830)
Revolt by liberals
Louis-Philippe (1830-1848)
The bourgeois monarch
Constitutional changes favor the upper bourgeoisie
Roll of nationalism
Austrian Netherlands given to Dutch Republic
Revolt by the Belgians
Revolt attempts in Poland and Italy
Revolts led to reform in Britain
The Revolutions of 1848
Another French Revolution
Scandals, graft, corruption, and failure to initiate reform
Louis-Philippe abdicates, February 24, 1848 
Provisional government established
Elections to be by universal manhood suffrage
National workshops
Growing split between moderate and liberal republicans
Second Republic established
Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was elected in December, 1848
Revolution in Central Europe
French revolts led to promises of reform
Frederick William IV (1840-1861)
Frankfurt Assembly
Austrian Empire
Louis Kossuth, Hungary
Metternich flees the country
Hungary’s wishes granted
Concessions will led to greater demands
Francis Joseph I (1848-1916)
Revolts in the Italian States
Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872)
Young Italy, 1831
Goal: a united Italy
Cristina Belgioioso (1808-1871)
1848 revolutions
Rebellions began in Sicily
Rulers promised reforms
Charles Albert (1831-1849) calls for war against Austria
Revolutions ended in failure
The Maturing of the United States
The American Constitution contained forces of liberalism and nationalism
Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804), Federalist
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), Republican
Effects of War of 1812
John Marshall (1755-1835)
Andrew Jackson (1767-1845), Democracy 
Emergence of an Ordered Society
New Police Forces
Serjents
British Bobbies
Schutzmannschaft
Prison Reform
Walnut Street Prison, Petite Roquette, Pentonville
The Mood of Romanticism
Emotion, sentiment, and inner feelings
Tragic figure
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832),
The Sorrows of the Young Werther
Individualism
Interest in the past
Grimm Brothers
Hans Christian Andersen
Walter Scott
Gothic literature
Edgar Allan Poe (1808-1849)
Mary Wallstonecraft Shelley (1797-1851)
Experimentation with drugs
Romantic Poets and the Love of Nature
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)
Prometheus Unbound
Lord Byron (1788-1824)
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage
William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
The mysterious force of nature
Romanticism in Art and Music
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